Select Language
Irhasi yendalo iya iqondwa njengomthombo wamandla otshintshayo obalulekileyo ekufudukeni kumafutha efosili ayingozi ngakumbi njengamalahle ne-oyile, ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokutshisa ezicocekileyo kunye nokuthembeka. I-United States, njengomvelisi okhokelayo, inegalelo eliphantse libe yi-25% yobonelelo lwehlabathi, kunye namazwe amakhulu emveliso aquka iTexas, iPennsylvania, neLouisiana. Nangona ibubutyebi obunesiphelo, irhasi yendalo ibalulekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, ibalelwa kwi-33% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-US ngo-2022 kunye nokuxhasa malunga ne-9.8 yezigidi zemisebenzi, ngoko ke kukhuthazwa uqoqosho. Iindlela zokumba, ezinje ngokugrumba okusemgangathweni kunye nokuqhekeka kwehydraulic, ziye zanyusa imveliso kodwa zaphakamisa iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokukhutshwa kwemethane kunye nokungcoliseka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Ngelixa ingachazwanga njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo, igesi yendalo isebenza njengebhulorho ebalulekileyo kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwegesi yendalo ehlaziyiweyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubamba ikhabhoni ejolise ekuphuculeni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ikamva leli shishini liza kuxhomekeka kuguquguquko lweemarike, ukwandiswa kwemibhobho, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, lonke eli xesha lijongene nemingeni yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuncipha kobutyebi. Njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kumandla acocekileyo, ukutyala imali kwizisombululo zegesi yendalo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokuthembeka. Ingxelo ethi "Ikamva leGesi yeNdalo" evela kwi-MIT igxininisa indima yemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zexesha elizayo ngelixa ibambelela kwimiqobo yokukhupha i-carbon dioxide. Ichaza amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukugcina ukukhuphisana kwimarike ephenjelelwa ngamaxabiso e-CO2. Irhasi yendalo, ebikade ingahoywa ngaphambili, ngoku ingundoqo kwiingxoxo ngenxa yezicelo zayo ezibalulekileyo kumbane, ishishini, kunye nokufudumeza, kunye namandla ayo okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwe-oyile kwezothutho. Ukuqatshelwa kwemithombo emikhulu yegesi engaqhelekanga e-US kuye kwaqhubela phambili incoko malunga negesi yendalo "njengebhulorho" kwikamva eliphantsi kwekhabhoni. Njengoko i-US ijolise ekunciphiseni i-50-52% kwi-greenhouse gas emissions ngo-2030, ukubaluleka kwegesi yendalo kukhula. I-Shale Revolution iye yahlengahlengisa imbonakalo yamandla, yenza i-US ibe lolona mvelisi mkhulu kwaye ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle okubalulekileyo, okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha asuka kumazwe angaphandle. Irhasi yendalo ikhupha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% ngaphantsi kwe-CO2 kunamalahle, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncitshisweni kwekhabhoni, ngaphandle kokugxekwa kweendlela zokutsalwa njengefracking. Ngelixa utyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo ezifana nelanga nomoya ziqhubeleka, ubume bazo ngamaxesha athile bufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe irhasi yendalo ukuzinza kwegridi, okuphawulwe kukucima kombane okutsha nje eCalifornia naseTexas. Iingcali ziqikelela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo njengoko ibhuloho utshintsho kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Amanyathelo okuqala afana ne-One Future coalition ajolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwemethane nokukhuthaza irhasi yendalo ehlaziyekayo, ngelixa ubugcisa obufana nokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa buphuhliswa ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Njengoko amandla efuna ukunyuka, igesi yendalo ibekwe ukuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zamandla acocekileyo ngelixa iqinisekisa amandla athembekileyo.
Irhasi yendalo isoloko ichazwa njengebhulorho yamafutha kutshintsho lwethu ukuya kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene isitshixo sokuvula ingomso eliluhlaza? Makhe sihlolisise lo mbuzo kunye. Uninzi lwethu luxhalabile malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesidingo esimandla semithombo yamandla ecocekileyo. Izibaso zefosili ziye zaba ngumqolo wonikezelo lwamandla ethu amashumi eminyaka, kodwa impembelelo yawo yokusingqongileyo ayinakuphikiswa. Njengoko ndikhangela kubomi bam bemihla ngemihla, ndihlala ndizibuza: singazilinganisa njani iimfuno zethu zamandla kunye nempilo yeplanethi yethu? Irhasi yendalo isoloko iboniswa njengenye indlela yokucoca endaweni yamalahle ne-oyile. Ikhupha iigesi zegreenhouse ezimbalwa xa itshisiwe, nto leyo evakala ngathi iyathembisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukutsalwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwerhasi yendalo kunokukhokelela ekukhutshweni okubalulekileyo kwemethane, irhasi enamandla yegreenhouse. Oku kuphikisana kushiya abaninzi bethu bedidekile. Ukuvavanya ngokwenene ukuba ingaba irhasi yendalo ingaba yinxalenye yekamva elizinzileyo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi: 1. Utshintsho olusuka kumalahle: Kwimimandla apho amalahle asengowona mthombo wamandla uphambili, ukutshintshela kwirhasi yendalo kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Ndikubonile oku kusenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, apho umoya ococekileyo kunye neenyawo ezisezantsi zekhabhoni ziluncedo olubambekayo. 2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo: Irhasi yendalo inokuncedisana nemithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga nomoya. Xa ilanga lingakhanyi okanye umoya ungavuthuzi, izityalo zegesi yendalo zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana nemfuno. Oku bhetyebhetye kubalulekile njengoko sisonyusa ukuthembela kwethu kwimithombo yamandla ephazamisayo. 3. Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji: Ukuqhubela phambili kubuchwephesha bokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) bunokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo. Ndifunde malunga nophuhliso oluchulumancisayo kweli candelo, olunokunciphisa kakhulu unyawo lwekhabhoni yokusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo. 4. UZinzo lwexesha elide: Ngelixa irhasi yendalo inokusebenza njengamafutha exeshana, kufuneka sigxile ekuphuhliseni imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ngokwenene. Ndihlala ndizibhaqa ndicinga ngeziphumo zexesha elide zokuxhomekeka kuyo nayiphi na i-fossil fuel, nokuba leyo itshisa isicoci. Ukuqukumbela, irhasi yendalo inokudlala indima ekutshintsheni kwethu kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo, kodwa ayiyombumbulu yesilivere. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iinzuzo ngokuthelekisa neendleko zokusingqongileyo kwaye uhlale uzibophelele ekutyaleni imali kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo. Njengoko sisiya phambili, masiyigcine incoko iqhubeka kwaye siphonononge zonke iindlela zokuphumeza iplanethi eluhlaza.
Irhasi yendalo ibingumxholo oshushu mva nje, kwaye ngesizathu esivakalayo. Uninzi lwethu luziva lucutheka lokunyuka kweendleko zamandla kwaye lukhangela izisombululo ezisebenza kakuhle, ezonga imali. Kulapho irhasi yendalo ingena khona, inikezela ngotshintsho olunokubakho kwiimfuno zethu zamandla. Masijongane nayo: amatyala ethu amandla ngamanye amaxesha angaziva ngathi akhwele i-rollercoaster, edubula ngawona maxesha anzima. Kuyadanisa, akunjalo? Ndikhe ndakhona nam—ndizibuza ukuba ndiza kuligcina njani ikhaya lam likhululekile ngaphandle kokwaphula ibhanki. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba igesi yendalo inokunceda ukuthomalalisa lo mthwalo. Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni eyenza igesi yendalo ibe yinto enomtsalane ngolo hlobo. Ininzi, ayibizi kakhulu, kwaye ivelisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izibaso zefosili. Ukuba ujonge ukunciphisa unyawo lwakho lwekhabhoni ngelixa ugcina imali, ukutshintshela kwigesi yendalo inokuba yindlela yokuhamba. Ngoku, sivula njani amandla egesi yendalo ebomini bethu? Nanga amanyathelo ambalwa ekufuneka uwaqwalasele: 1. Phanda kwiiNdlela Ozikhethayo: Khangela ukuba irhasi yendalo iyafumaneka na kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Izixhobo ezininzi zengingqi zibonelela ngolwazi malunga nendlela yokwenza utshintsho. 2. Vavanya iZixhobo Zakho: Ukuba ngoku usebenzisa izixhobo zombane, cinga ngokuphucula kwiinguqulelo zegesi yendalo. Umzekelo, izitovu zerhasi kunye nezifudumezi zamanzi zinokusebenza ngakumbi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. 3. Bonana neeNgcali: Kusoloko kububulumko ukufumana iingcebiso zeengcali. Finyelela kwiikontraka zasekhaya ezinokuvavanya ikhaya lakho kwaye bacebise ezona zisombululo zerhasi yendalo zilungele iimfuno zakho. 4. Qwalasela uLondolozo lweXesha elide: Ngelixa utyalo-mali lokuqala lunokubonakala lunzima, ukonga ixesha elide kumatyala akho ombane unokubaluleka. Imalunga nokudlala umdlalo omde. 5. Hlala unolwazi: Gcina iliso kwiintsingiselo zamandla kunye nemimiselo yendawo. Iimarike zegesi yendalo zinokuguquguquka, kwaye ukwaziswa kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezingcono. Ukuqukumbela, ukwamkela igesi yendalo kunokuguqula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla. Ngokuqonda iingenelo zayo nokuthabatha amanyathelo anokuthatyathwa, asinakonga nje kuphela imali kodwa sikwafaka isandla kwimekobume ecocekileyo. Ngoko, kutheni ungahlolisisi olu khetho? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, utshintsho oluncinci lunokukhokelela kulondolozo olubalulekileyo kunye nekamva elizinzileyo.
Ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo kudla ngokubonwa njengobubi obuyimfuneko ekufuneni amandla. Uninzi lwethu lunenkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, ukunyuka kweendleko zamandla, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemithombo evuselelekayo. Ndiyivile intwana yokunyuka kwamatyala asetyenziswayo kunye nexhala lokuguquguquka kokunikezelwa kwamandla. Ke, kuthekani ukuba bendikuxelele ukuba ukutsalwa kwerhasi yendalo kusenokuba sisitshixo kwikamva lamandla elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo? Makhe sithethe ngezizathu zokuba igesi yendalo ibe namandla kwihlabathi langomso. Okokuqala, igesi yendalo icocekile kunamanye amafutha efosili. Xa itshisiwe, ikhupha icarbon dioxide encinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa namalahle kunye neoyile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokutshintshela kwigesi yendalo, sinokuyinciphisa yonke indawo yekhabhoni ngelixa sihlangabezana neemfuno zethu zamandla. Khawucinge nje ngehlabathi apho amaziko ethu ombane asebenza kumafutha acocekileyo, okusivumela ukuba siphefumle lula. Emva koko, igesi yendalo ininzi. Ngenkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokwonjwa, ngakumbi ukuqhekeka kwehydraulic kunye nokugrumba okuthe tyaba, ngoku siyakwazi ukufikelela koovimba abaninzi ebebengafikeleleki ngaphambili. Le ntabalala inokukhokelela kumaxabiso azinzile ngakumbi kunye nokuxhomekeka kancinci kwi-oyile yangaphandle. Ndikhumbula iintsuku xa amaxabiso egesi enyuka ngokungalindelekanga, ebangela intloko ebuhlungu yebhajethi. Ukubonelela ngerhasi yendalo ngokuthe gqolo kunganceda ukuzinzisa ezo ndleko kwaye kusinike sonke igumbi lokuphefumla ngokwemali. Ngaphezu koko, igesi yendalo isebenza njengamafutha ebhulorho athembekileyo. Njengoko sitshintshela kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengomoya kunye nelanga, sisafuna i-backup ethembekileyo xa ilanga lingakhanyi, okanye umoya ungavuthi. Izityalo zerhasi yendalo zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana nemfuno, ziqinisekisa ukuba sinawo amandla xa siwafuna kakhulu. Oku kuthembeka kunokutshintsha umdlalo kumashishini kunye nemizi ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa uloyiko lokucima umbane ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuphezulu. Okokugqibela, ukutyala imali kwizibonelelo zegesi yendalo kunokudala imisebenzi kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukusuka ekutsalweni ukuya ekusasazeni, ishishini legesi yendalo libonelela ngamathuba amaninzi omsebenzi. Ndizibonele ngokwam ukuba icandelo lezamandla elikhulayo linokuphakamisa njani uluntu kwaye liqhube izinto ezintsha. Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ukutsalwa kwerhasi yendalo kusenokungabi sisisombululo sigqibeleleyo, kunika indlela ephathekayo eya phambili kumhlaba wethu wamandla. Ngokwamkela igesi yendalo, sinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, sizinzise amaxabiso, sixhase ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, kwaye siqinisekise unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo njengoko sisebenzela ikamva eliluhlaza. Imalunga nokufumana ibhalansi, kwaye igesi yendalo inokuba yibhulorho esiyidingayo ukuze sifike apho.
Njengoko ndihlala phantsi ndicinga ngekamva lamandla, andikwazi kuzibamba kodwa ndiziva ndonganyelwe. Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu kunkqonkqoza emnyango kwaye amandla ehlabathi afuna ukunyuka, sonke sikhangela imbumbulu yesilivere. Ngaba igesi yendalo iyimpendulo ebesiyilindile? Masiyicazulule le nto. Into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni kukuxhalaba okukhulayo ngamafutha efosili. Ndive abahlobo abaninzi kunye nosapho bevakalisa inkxalabo yabo malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nefuthe kwiplanethi yethu. Yintlungu yokwenyani. Sifuna umoya ococekileyo, imozulu ezinzileyo, kunye nekamva elizinzileyo lezizukulwana ezizayo. Ngoko ke, igesi yendalo ingena njani kulo mfanekiso? Ewe, ihlala ithathwa njengenye indlela yokucoca endaweni yamalahle kunye neoyile. Xa itshisiwe, ivelisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okumbalwa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noogxa bayo abamdaka. Kwabaninzi, oku kubonakala njengenyathelo eliya kwicala elifanelekileyo. Kodwa apha kuya kuba nzima. Irhasi yendalo isesisibaso sefosili, kwaye ukutsalwa kwayo kunokuba yingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi ngemisebenzi efana nokuqhekeka. Ukujonga le ngxaki, ndicebisa ukuba siqwalasele amanyathelo ambalwa: 1. Imfundo: Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ifuthe legesi yendalo kubalulekile. Kufuneka sijonge ngaphaya komphezulu kwaye singene kwiindleko zokusingqongileyo zokukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. 2. Utyalo-mali kwizinto eziHlaziywayo: Ngelixa igesi yendalo inokuvala umsantsa, akufuneki siphulukane neyona njongo iphambili: inguqulelo kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengomoya nelanga. 3. Ukuthethelelwa koMgaqo-nkqubo: Kubalulekile ukuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza izisombululo zamandla acocekileyo. Ukunxulumana nabameli basekuhlaleni kunokwandisa amazwi ethu. 4. Uthethathethwano noLuntu: Amaphulo asekuhlaleni angenza umahluko. Ukujoyina amaqela oluntu agxininise ekuzinzeni kunokunceda ukuqhuba utshintsho ukusuka phezulu. Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa irhasi yendalo inokudlala indima kwikamva lethu lamandla, ayisosiphelo-sonke isisombululo. Kufuneka silinganise iingenelo zayo ngokuchasene nentsilelo kwaye siqhubeke sityhala umhlaba oluhlaza, ozinzileyo. Masiyigcine incoko iqhubeka kwaye sisebenzisane sijonge ikamva eliqaqambileyo lamandla. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iintambo ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba zingahoywa. Unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentsingiselo zeshishini kunye nezisombululo? Qhagamshelana ne-XIE: kepeiaochem@gmail.com/WhatsApp ++8618039354564.
August 26, 2024
I-imeyili kule mthengisi
August 26, 2024
Ingxelo yabucala: Ubumfihlo bakho bubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Inkampani yethu ithembisa ukungazivezi iinkcukacha zakho kuye nakuphi na iimvume zakho.
Gcwalisa ulwazi oluthe kratya ukuze unxibelelane nawe ngokukhawuleza
Ingxelo yabucala: Ubumfihlo bakho bubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Inkampani yethu ithembisa ukungazivezi iinkcukacha zakho kuye nakuphi na iimvume zakho.
