Ngaba ubusazi malunga ne-Gect Grail reeng kwiChemistry?
April 22, 2024
Xa kufikwa kwigesi yendalo, akufuneki ukuba ungaqhelekanga kuyo, kwaye kule mihla akukho mzi unokupheka ngaphandle kwawo. Eyona nto iphambili kwigesi yendalo yi-tethane, yenye yezona zinto zilula ze-hydrocarbon. Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-methane yeyona nto iphambili ekufezekiseni uphuhliso oluhlaza noluzinzileyo oluzinzileyo lwamandla kunye nemichiza. Ukongeza kusetyenziso oluthe ngqo njenge-pieli, i-methane inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-C1, oko kukuthi, imolekyuli enee-atom zekhabhoni kwaye inokuqhubeka iguqulwe ukuze ilungiselele iichemicals eziqinisekisiweyo zexabiso eliphezulu, ezenzelwe I-acid njalo njalo njalo. I-Methane inokutshiswa kwioksijini yokwenza amanzi kunye nekharbon diokside. Ngaphandle kokudibana, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze kwaye uguqule i-hydrocarbon ye-hydrocarbon yeemolekyuli ze-methane? Impendulo ngu-ewe! Le yindlela "yeGrain Graini" yokusabela kwicandelo leCatalysis. Ukuphendula okunxulumene ne "Guily Engcwele" zihlala zilucelomngeni kakhulu, njengoko kunokufuneka zenziwe phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu, okanye zisenokufuna ukoyisa ubunzima bendalo, njengokuvula okuzinzileyo kwendalo, iphantsi Izivuno, kunye nokukhethwa okuphantsi. Le mingeni yenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumanisa ezi zinto zisabela, kodwa ukuba banokufezekiswe ngempumelelo, baya kukhokelela ekuhambeni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi nakwizicelo zemveliso.
I-1.Ichanges kwinguqu ye-methane kwiqondo eliphantsi Kunzima kakhulu ukuguqula i-methane ngqo kwezinye iikhemikhali eziluncedo ezinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi okanye ubushushu begumbi, kutheni? Makhe sijonge imeko ye-methane neoksijini. Isakhiwo sekhemikhali saseMethane siqulethe iibhondi ezine ezifanayo ze-carbon-hydrogen (Ch) eyenza i-syhotetraradradraheradraheracaracaracal yobuchwephesha e-orthoterical, kwaye i-ch3 H i-Hi3-H i-CHE3 HIN / MOL. Singacinga nge-ch ye-ch ye-methane njengentwasahlobo eyomeleleyo kakhulu. Le ntwasahlobo ithe tyaba kwaye ifuna amandla amaninzi okutsala. Kwi-chemistry, eli "amandla" ngamandla afunekayo ukuze aphule iqhina. Lo mmandla uphambili ophezulu wenza i-chiene ye-chin ch the the the therhene uzinzile kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukwakha okanye ukusabela phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuphendula ngemichiza, amaqela asebenzayo ahlala eveliswa phantsi konxibelelwano lwesiporho (unxibelelwano lwePolar yi-moletonon ukuba i-molekyuli ihlawulwe kakuhle), kanti enye ihlawulwe kakubi i-syhane molecule ithintela Ukususela ekuveliseni oko kudala ipoledion (ngokoqwalaselo lwemolekyuli, imolekyuli eneplanethi yomlinganiso ayinayo i-polaty) kwaye ayinakho ukubonelela ngamaqela asebenzayo. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-methane kunzima kakhulu kwaye kuhlala kufuna iimeko ezinzima ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu eliphezulu (i-600-1100 ° C) okanye i-radicals eqinileyo kunye ne-radicals yasimahla yokuncedisa ekusebenzeni kwe-methane. Ke ngoko, obona bunzima bokuqonda ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi kwe-methane kunye neoksijini kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvula i-Chthane, okt, indlela yokumolula "intwasahlobo" kwiCh Bond. 2.Imimangaliso yekati Izazinzulu zaza nesisombululo esihle kule ngxaki, kwaye ikhetha ukusebenzisa i-catalytty yokusebenzisa i-methane ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi (i-catalyst yikhemikhali engatshintshiyo ngaphambili okanye emva kokusabela ngokutshintsha kwenani elincinci yamandla ekufuneka eceliwe ngenxa yokuphendula okwenzekayo). Ngowama-2023, ijenali yendalo i-Catalysis ixelwe ngenkqubo yokufezekisa ukuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-methane nge-C1 oxid (i-ch3ool), i-ch3oh (i-ch3oh)) isebenzisa i-molybdenum ye-molybdenum (mos2) I-Catalyst nge-25 ° C. Ukuguqulwa kwe-methane ye-4.2% kwaye phantse i-100% ye-Ox1 ye-Ox1 ye-Ox1 ye-Ox1 ye-C1 ijika ngokuguqula i-methane kunye neoksijini ibe kwi-ox1 ye-oxgegen ye-oxgegen ye-C1 exabisekileyo. Le mos2 yeyokuphela kwe-catalyst exeliweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ingaqonda ukuba igumbi lokutshintsha kwegumbi lokuguqulwa kwe-methane neoksijini. Konke oku kungenxa yejometri eyahlukileyo kunye ne-elektroniki ye-mofie ye-mofied kumda we-MOS2. Le ndawo ye-MA inomsebenzi ophumeleleyo kwioksijini kwindawo ebonakalayo, yenza umlingo o = mo = o * iintlobo. Olu hlobo lwenza ukuba i-carbon-hydrogen ye-chebon-hydrogen ilula yokwaphula kwaye inciphise amandla okusebenzela i-Chthane, ngenxa yoko ukwandisa ukuvela kwe-methane, kwaye ke kuyawuqonda ukusebenzela ubushushu be-methane kunye neoksijini. Oku kwafunyanwa kuya kuzisa amathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwamandla kwixesha elizayo kunye nokukhusela kwendalo, kunye nokusiqonda ngokunzulu ngendima emangalisayo ye -cataights kunye nee-auxilies.
I-3.Sciegent intsingiselo yesicwangciso sobuchule seqondo lobushushu le-methane Ukuqonda ukuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-methane kunye neoksijini kubushushu begumbi, kunye nokuguqula i-methane kwirhasi yendalo, kunokuyiphucula imeko yegesi yendalo, kwaye iphumelele uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamandla . Okwesibini, njengegesi yeGreenhouse, i-methane ikwisibini kuphela kwikharbon diokside kwigalelo layo kubushushu behlabathi. Ukuba i-methane inokuguqulwa ibe zezinye izinto, inokusinceda ukuba sinciphise ukukhutshwa komoya (umz. Iikhabhoni ze-berbon, i-willroger oxisayo, kunye ne-erdrocarbons, kunye nokukhululeka kwe-EREAT) kunye nokuthoba ingcinezelo yoxinzelelo lwehlabathi.
